Schneider’s Dynamic Model of world Englishes
The dynamic model was presented by Schneider in 2003 and updated in 2007. In his model, he tried to avoid the historical and geographical approach to categorize the varieties of English languages. Moreover, specifically he presented non-native variety of English language for example, Indian English, Pakistani English, and Nigerian English etc. He argues the post-colonial varieties of English shares basically uniform development process. His model shows difference between reality and idealism. For this he gave 4 condition and 5 stages of development variety of English language.
4.
conditions
1. Political History of a country is reflected in
2.The identity rewriting of language
3. Which determine Sociolinguistic Condition
4. Which in response bring Linguistic development in a language
5 stages of development of variety of English language
Schneider gives 5 stages of developmental cycle which are discussed below;
1. foundation: This is first phase in th development of non-native variety of English language. it refers to use of English language in that territories where it was not used previously but slowly and gradually it developed within the passage of time by local speaker can play lead role as interpreters and translators. In his phase borrowing of lexis is minimal.
2. Exonormative stabilization: The second stage in development is exonormative stabilization, it refers to norms provided by colonializes or introducer of the language. Here bilingualism increases due to education factor and more contact to English settlers.
3. Nativisation: At this stage new variety of English is accepted by settler people. They accept the new developed variety which is mostly changed from their native variety. They begin to accept the localized variety of English. It has slightly addition of native flavor in localized variety.
4. Endonormative: After the stage of nativisation, the second last phase is endonormative where rules of local languages are accepted. Like after independence India and Pakistan have their norms such as their vocabulary and grammar.
5. Differentiation: The last phase in development of variety of English differentiation. Local varieties started to feel sense of belongingness to language and trying to introduce it in own variety. As Indian try to produce themselves within their own Indian dialect.
Conclusion: To summarize the discussion regarding the models of world Englishes we can say that every model has its value and importance but among them Kachru and Schneider’s Model are most important because they also talked about non-native varieties of English language.
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